Mastering engine braking: Save fuel and protect your vehicle
Everyone knows that a vehicle can be stopped using the brakes. However, it's worth familiarising yourself with engine braking, which is beneficial not only for conserving fuel but also for reducing wear on vehicle components.
Engine braking is straightforward, but it requires getting accustomed to your vehicle. The process involves taking your foot off the accelerator while keeping the gear engaged. The general rule is: the lower the gear, the greater the speed reduction of the car.
So, when descending a hill, shifting from fifth to fourth gear helps reduce speed. Moving to third gear will slow you down even further, but you must be cautious not to overdo it and excessively increase the engine's RPMs (revolutions per minute), which could lead to an expensive repair. It's important to know your car well, as each gearbox has different gear ratios. The key to success is to match the gear with the speed and road conditions.
In modern cars, when you release the accelerator, fuel does not enter the cylinders, so you continue moving without using it. However, older models with carburettors did not operate in this way, so some older drivers may be unaware of this effect.
It is also advisable to use this technique because it reduces brake pad wear. This is especially useful in hilly areas, where descending without engine braking can overheat the braking system.
However, improper engine braking can be detrimental. Reducing gear too abruptly (for instance, by two or more gears) can put excessive strain on the clutch, leading to its wear. Such actions can also negatively impact the flywheel, which helps reduce vibrations.
Safety is a crucial consideration, particularly with rear-wheel-drive cars. Although modern vehicles usually have an ESP (Electronic Stability Programme) system to help manage excessive rear axle movements, caution is still necessary. Reducing the gear on a bend with a wet or sandy surface can lead to a skid. Technology is helpful, but common sense is irreplaceable — the laws of physics remain constant.
