Harvard and Google's groundbreaking journey into the brain's depths

The most advanced study of neurons to date was conducted in a collaboration between Harvard scientists and Google experts in artificial intelligence. A comprehensive image and map of a fragment of the human brain were created, amassing data of over 1.4 petabytes. This study has shed light on many intriguing discoveries.

The researchers focused on a brain sample taken from a patient struggling with epilepsy, aiming to understand and help control the condition. Beyond understanding the disease, they made numerous significant findings, culminating in creating the most detailed human brain map to date.

During surgery, approximately 1 millimetre of tissue was collected and then sectioned into 5,000 slices, each thinner than a strand of human hair. These slices were photographed under an electron microscope, combining the images into a comprehensive digital brain map. Employing machine learning, the Google team transformed these 2D images into a detailed 3D map. This high level of magnification unveiled many previously unknown details.

This study revealed various previously unseen aspects of the brain, such as symmetrically growing clusters of cells, single neurons with over 5,000 connection points, and axons coiling into balls for reasons yet to be understood.

In an interview with The Guardian, Harvard professor Jeff Lichtman pointed out that the findings include elements absent in current textbooks, highlighting a significant gap between our current knowledge and the vast array of discoveries yet to be made.

The minute brain fragment generated an enormous volume of data - 1.4 petabytes, translating to over 1,400 terabytes. This facilitated the creation of the most detailed image of the human brain. Nonetheless, it represents only a minor section of the entire brain.

With today's technology, creating a complete map of an adult human brain would require gathering 1.6 zettabytes of data. This endeavour would necessitate a computing system, the implementation of which is currently beyond our reach. According to Tom's Hardware Service, the space needed for such an undertaking would cover nearly 57 hectares, equivalent to about 141 acres or approximately 79 football pitches.

Despite advances in technology and scientific knowledge, the human brain continues to conceal secrets. Many facets of how this organ operates remain a mystery. Although scientists are mapping the brain's cells and their connections, fully explaining how neuronal activity results in conscious experiences and thought processes is still beyond our grasp.