Unveiling saffron: The spice world's golden treasure

Saffron is the most expensive spice in the world. Due to its uniqueness and versatility, it has fascinated chefs and scientists for centuries. Why is it so costly, and what makes it worth using?

Saffron is a spice derived from the saffron crocus (Crocus sativus), which belongs to the iris family. The most valuable part of the crocus is its intensely red-orange stigmas inside the flower. These stigmas, after proper processing, become saffron.

Saffron is primarily grown in countries with warm climates. The largest productions are found in Turkey, India, Iran, and Spain. Saffron from the Valencia region in Spain is particularly prized and regarded as one of the best worldwide.

The process of obtaining saffron is incredibly time-consuming and labour-intensive. Each saffron crocus flower blooms only once annually and contains merely three stigmas. Harvesting is done by hand, making saffron production very costly. About 150,000 flowers need to be harvested to obtain 450 grams of saffron.

Saffron is a true treasure trove of nutrients. It contains vitamins A and C, folic acid, potassium, copper, and calcium. However, one of the most critical components of saffron is crocin, a natural dye that gives it its distinctive yellow colour. Crocin is recognised for its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can protect the body from various ailments.

Saffron imparts a unique flavour to dishes and offers numerous health benefits. Its anti-inflammatory effects, which positively impact liver health, are particularly strong. Saffron is also rich in antioxidants that support the immune system, safeguarding cells from damage.

Saffron has been a key ingredient in many traditional dishes worldwide for centuries. In Spanish cuisine, it's an integral part of the famous paella, which gains a unique colour and flavour from it. Italian risotto alla milanese, with the addition of saffron, is a classic that delights with its aroma. In Middle Eastern countries, saffron prepares dishes called biryani — aromatic meals with rice, meat, and vegetables. One mustn't forget Thai curries, which become even more expressive with saffron.

Saffron is also valued in the cosmetics industry for its exceptional skincare properties. Due to its high antioxidant content, saffron helps combat free radicals, which contribute to skin ageing. In cosmetics, saffron is often found in luxurious creams, masks, and serums. Its anti-inflammatory properties can help soothe skin irritations and improve elasticity and moisture levels.

In medicine, saffron is used as a natural pain reliever to alleviate menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome symptoms and as an antidepressant.

Saffron is a true treasure of nature, with wide applications in cooking, medicine, and cosmetics. As the most expensive spice in the world, it is highly regarded for its unique flavour, aroma, and health-enhancing properties.