Mathematical puzzles: Why adults struggle and kids excel

Mathematical puzzles can confuse even those who completed their education long ago. Often, seemingly easy tasks become more complex than they appear. An example is the equation presented below, which requires careful solving using basic mathematical principles.

Before you tackle this task, remember that mathematics has a specific order of operations: we perform operations in parentheses first, then multiplication and division, and finally, addition and subtraction.

At first glance, the equation doesn’t seem complicated. There are no complex operations, division, exponentiation, or parentheses that could make it challenging to provide the correct answer. However, one detail is extremely important here. Think carefully and see if you already know the answer.

If you think the answer is 12 or 1, you are wrong. Take another look at the picture and analyse it closely. See the explanation below to find the correct result.

The correct answer is... 2.

How is this possible? The first two lines are not part of the equation since they do not contain the equals sign, which was moved to the following line. Therefore, focus all your attention on the last line, i.e., 1 + 1 × 0 + 1 =. According to mathematical rules, multiplication is performed before addition. Therefore, we start with 1 × 0, which gives 0.

Consequently, the equation changes to 1 + 0 + 1 =. Now, it is clear that the given result is 2.

Such puzzles and brain teasers not only pique our curiosity but also develop logical thinking skills and the ability to solve problems in everyday life. They show that the smallest details matter and can affect the final result. Additionally, they have a positive impact by improving concentration and focus, reducing stress, strengthening memory, and stimulating creativity.