Forests' limited arsenal against climate change

In their article for "Nature Ecology and Evolution", the researchers stress the critical role of mixed forests for the survival of forest ecosystems, underscoring that a narrow selection of tree species won't suffice. They point out that forest monocultures are less resilient, being highly vulnerable to various threats.

The team deemed only nine suitable for reforestation efforts across the continent out of Europe's tree species tally, which slightly exceeds 100, with four species earmarked for Great Britain. Dr. Wessely notes, "Trees selected for reforestation must withstand both present and forthcoming conditions. This is challenging, as they'll need to endure the biting cold and frosts of the near years and significantly warmer climates by the century's end."

Yet, choosing climate-adapted trees does not solve another major issue: ensuring biodiversity. With just nine species, creating a stable mixed forest, an ecosystem vital for increasing resilience against disturbances like bark beetles, becomes challenging. Prof. Rupert Seidl, another author, voiced concern over the potential shortage of tree varieties needed for diverse mixed forests in some European regions.

Professors reminded us that trees fulfil critical functions: Sequester carbon, serve as habitats or food sources for wildlife, and provide timber. However, not every species is equally up to these tasks. According to the study, only three of the “trees of the future” pack promise in these areas.