Russia's military expansion poses enduring threat to Europe

General Janne Jaakkola, the commander of Finland's armed forces, emphasises that Russia remains a serious threat to Europe, irrespective of how the conflict in Ukraine ends. He noted that the Kremlin is endeavouring to substantially increase the size of its army, and this process is already underway.

There has been a return to the traditional capability and will of society as a whole to conduct war. This is particularly significant in the face of a prolonged conflict - said the military officer, as quoted by the Polish Press Agency.

Russia plans to establish new divisions, an army corps, and support forces, replacing the existing brigades. Before the invasion of Ukraine, about 22,000 Russian troops were stationed near the border with Finland, including four brigades on standby.

During a seminar at the University of Helsinki, General Jaakkola highlighted Russia's ability to adapt and develop its military strategies despite significant losses in personnel and equipment. Russia has increased its defence industry production, which indicates its determination.

General Jaakkola noted that the war in Ukraine has shown the need to return to traditional methods of combat that engage the entire society. This requires personnel reserves and an efficient mobilisation system. Finland, unlike many Western countries, has maintained universal conscription, which allows for the armed forces to be maintained at a level of 300,000 soldiers and a reserve force of about 960,000 people.

Russia's war against Ukraine has highlighted the need to employ both traditional and modern methods of warfare. General Jaakkola emphasised that the preparation of field fortifications must occur in advance, before drones appear. A new element of the conflict is hybrid operations that combine political, economic, military, and informational measures.