Household chemicals linked to brain cell damage, study reveals

Scientists from Case Western Reserve University in the USA warn that commonly used household chemicals can have a destructive impact on brain cells, known as oligodendrocytes. The destruction of these cells is linked to various diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and autism. Their research, published in the prestigious journal "Nature Neuroscience," points to potential dangers associated with the presence of these chemicals in our homes.

Researchers note that while genetics plays a role in the development of these diseases, significant causes may lie in environmental factors. In particular, they identified certain substances that can damage oligodendrocytes - cells responsible for producing the sheath that protects neurons.

Professor Paul Tesar, who led the study, explains: "The loss of oligodendrocytes is at the root of multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. We have shown that specific chemicals found in everyday products can directly damage these cells. This represents a previously unknown risk factor for neurological disorders."

In their study, the scientists analyzed more than 1,800 substances that can affect humans. They discovered that some of them, such as organophosphates used as flame retardants in furniture or electronics, can inhibit the maturation of oligodendrocytes. Meanwhile, quaternary ammonium compounds, commonly used in disinfectants, can destroy these cells.

Erin Cohn, the lead author of the publication, notes: "We found that oligodendrocytes - though not other cells - are surprisingly sensitive to the action of quaternary ammonium compounds and organophosphate flame retardants. Understanding human exposure to these substances can help find the missing factor in the increase in neurological disorders."

Experts emphasize that further research is needed to understand the relationship between these substances and brain health. They recommend monitoring the concentration of these compounds in the bodies of both adults and children and studying their impact on the risk of disease.

Professor Tesar adds: "Our findings indicate that more detailed research on the impact of these common household substances on the brain is necessary. We hope that our work will help make better decisions regarding legal regulations and influence behaviors that will minimize exposure and protect health."