Hidden Ancient Nile branch reveals secrets of pyramid transport

The pyramids are considered some of the most mysterious structures in the world. Scientists are still pondering how the ancient Egyptians could transport the massive, primarily limestone blocks used to create them. The latest research, published in Communications Earth & Environment, appears to bring us closer to solving this mystery.

Analysis of satellite images helped researchers identify potential locations of an ancient branch of the Nile near the pyramids. Subsequent geophysical surveys and sediment studies confirmed their assumptions. They discovered traces of the ancient river, approximately 65 kilometres long, running alongside the famous complex of pyramids in Giza, hidden under desert sand and farmland for millennia.

The hidden branch of the Nile, named Ahramat (meaning pyramids in Arabic), could explain why the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids in this particular location. Nearby, there is a strip containing over 30 pyramids, including the Great Pyramid of Giza and the pyramids of Khafre, Khufu, and Menkaure. Memphis, one of the most important cities of the ancient world and a key point on trade routes, was also located here.

Scientists believe the river facilitated the transport of massive blocks and other materials needed at the construction site. Moreover, they noticed that many pyramids are about 800 metres from the ancient river and have unique walkways connecting them to Ahramat. This is believed to confirm its role during the construction of the impressive structures that have survived for thousands of years. However, it is worth noting that the exact method by which the ancient Egyptians managed to build such enormous constructions remains one of history’s greatest mysteries.

One of the study's authors, Suzanne Onstine from the University of Memphis, told AFP: "The water flow and volume changed over time, so the kings of the fourth dynasty had to make different choices than the kings of the twelfth dynasty." She added that the discovery highlights "the close relationship between geography, climate, environment, and human behaviour." The once-impressive Ahramat most likely began to disappear around 2,200 BC. This was due to a severe drought and the accumulation of sand in the region.