Chernobyl dogs' DNA: Evolution in the shadow of disaster
Following the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, thousands of people were compelled to leave their homes, also abandoning their pets. Among these forsaken animals were dogs that have formed a unique and resilient population in the radiation-affected areas. New genetic research suggests that their DNA has altered significantly over the past four decades.
The dogs currently residing in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone partially rely on assistance from humans, such as scientists and workers in the region, who provide them with food and occasional veterinary care.
It is estimated that there are presently up to 800 semi-feral dogs in this area, which have managed to survive despite the harsh conditions and radiation exposure.
Our goal is to understand how the dogs have adapted to living in this environment, explains Elaine Ostrander, a geneticist from the National Human Genome Research Institute, quoted by "Wprost".
Found differences in DNA
Scientists analysed the genetic material of 302 dogs inhabiting various locations around the reactor. The study results, published in "Science Advances," indicate significant differences in their DNA compared to dogs outside the zone.
According to "Wprost," it was discovered that the genomes of dogs living closest to the site of the disaster have unique characteristics, which may be a result of long-term exposure to radiation.
One of the surprises was the discovery of as many as 15 distinct genetic groups within the Chernobyl dog population. Even when the animals move and mix, the differences in their genes remain discernible.
Surviving against all odds
The radiation to which Chernobyl's dogs are exposed may have contributed to increased genetic diversity in the population. They possess unique mutations that may play a crucial role in adapting to life in a contaminated environment.
We want to identify DNA variants that may have evolved in response to high radiation levels and assist with survival in such conditions, explains Ostrander.
"Wprost" reports that similar changes have been observed in other species inhabiting the exclusion zone. For example, Chernobyl wolves show increased resistance to cancer, and tree frogs have darker skin, which is likely related to higher levels of melanin offering protection against radiation.
Evolution at an accelerated pace
Research on Chernobyl dogs provides better insight into how quickly populations can evolve in extreme environmental conditions.
Although there is currently no definitive answer to the question of how genetic changes affect the health and behaviour of these animals, scientists agree that this is just the beginning of fascinating discoveries about adaptation and survival in extreme conditions.
